History

Romanov Dynasty (March 15, 1840)
[Russia] The Romanov Dynasty were the rulers of Russia until the February revol...
Opium wars / Treaty of Nanking (1842)
[China] The first of a series of unequal treaties. This weakened the Chinea...
This created anti-foreigner sentiment. This created a misstrust of ...
Hong Xiuquan / Taiping Rebellion (1850)
[China] This person becomes a christian, which is very rare at china at the ti...
These people rejected the idea that the emperor had divine right. T...
Taiping policies (1855)
[China] Led by Hong Xiuquan, they had power over Taiping. They enacted thes...
These plant the seed for revolution. Although eventually it gets ta...
Cixi (1861)
[China] Cixi was The Dowager Empress. The emperor dies, she takes the prop...
People no longer have legitimacy on the Empress. Specially, after t...
100 Days reform (1898)
[China] This reform was brought about as a response to the tapining rebellion....
Cixi continues her anti-foreigner stance into the boxer rebellion,
Boxer Rebellion (1899)
[China] A rebellion that is anti-west, anti-christian. It was promoted and all...
This increased the anti-government and anti-foreigner sentiment. Th...
Russia's War on Japan (1904)
[Russia] To divert the people's attention from the economic depression hitting ...
Food and resources went to war instead of the people, so there was sta...
Blood Sunday (January 22, 1905)
[Russia] Blood Sunday was when a Priest by the name of Father Gapon lead a peac...
Groups of workers began organizing themselves into Soviets and began t...
October Manifesto and Duma (October 30, 1905)
[Russia] After the Bloody Sunday the Tsar created the October Manifesto, to cal...
Sun Yatsin / Guangzhou (1911)
[China] In 1911, it becomes of official and they take power. Yuan Shikai gets ...
With Yuan's help, the East Republic of China was started. Many prev...
Establishment East Republic of China (1912)
[China] Sun Yatsin establishes the East Republic of China. He would make it...
A lot of lords that were under the emperor with their own armies still...
Yuan rule (1912)
[China] Sun is not well equiped for fighting the Dynasty. He ends up asking a ...
Yuan dies in 1916, after stepping down, marking the end of an effectiv...
Rise of Stalin (1912)
[Russia] By 1912, Stalin had risen to become one of the six members of the Cent...
The reasonable man adapts himself to his environment. The unreasonable...
Russia enters World War 1 (1914)
[Russia] In 1914, Russia entered World War 1 to fight against Germany. The T...
Support for revolutionary groups began to increase. The Tsar actual...
Warlord era (1916)
[China] The warlord era (1916 - 1927) emerged after end of the effective contr...
There is an increase in opium use. Harsh punishments to farmers who re...
February Revolution & Provisional Governement (March 2, 1917)
[Russia] The situation was out of control. Peasants were taking land from noble...
The provisional government abolished all police departments and provin...
Provisional government eight priciples (March 3, 1917)
[Russia] 1 Immediate amnesty for all political prisoners, including terrorists....
With these new freedoms, many russians joined new political organizati...
How many principles did the Provisional Government laucnh at their inception?
8
Provisional Government: Lack of Authority (March 4, 1917)
[Russia] The government had not been elected, and its members were well aware. ...
The elections were finally fixed for November, but it was too late.
Provisional Government: Land (March 4, 1917)
[Russia] The peasants expected to get land from the revolution. The government ...
Provisional Government: Urban discontent (March 4, 1917)
[Russia] Wages couldn't keep up with Inflation, poverty was rampant, despite th...
Many urban dwellers looked to political action to secure a better life...
Provisional Government: The war (March 4, 1917)
[Russia] The Petrograd Soviet wanted peace without annexations or idemnities. T...
Petrograd was full of deserting soldiers. The command structure of the...
Petrograd Soviet (March 12, 1917)
[Russia] The petrograd soviet was the biggest Soviet in Russia, and ruled Russi...
Lenin returned in April (April 16, 1917)
[Russia] Lenin returned to Russia during April 16, 1917. He believed that th...
When did Lenin return aided by the Germans?
April
April Thesis (April 17, 1917)
[Russia] The April Thesis was published by Lenin, and was a collection of Lenin...
It caight the attention of Trotsky, who joined the movement. This A...
The First All-Russian Congress Of Soviets (June 16, 1917)
[Russia] Over 1000 delagates from soviets throughout Russia met in Petrograd fo...
While the Bolsheviks dedicated themselves to the Soviets, the Menshivi...
March - October unemployement crisis (1917)
[Russia] According to S. Smith, 1983, between Marsh and July, 568 factories clo...
Class conflict grew, unemployement soared and soviet membership explod...
Kerensky Offensive (July 1, 1917)
[Russia] Support for the Provisional Government was dwindling rapidly, the econ...
The Provisional Government lost even more support.
July Days (July 3, 1917)
[Russia] The July days was a demonstration against the Provisional Government, ...
Bolshevik influence declined in the Short run. Lenin fled to Finland, ...
Bolshevik support August (1917)
[Russia] By August, the Petrograd Soviet began approving Bolshevik proposals fo...
The Bolsheviks were no longer isolated. They had support from many sov...
Bolshevik growth pre-October (1917)
[Russia] The Bolsheviks grew, to the point that they won the petrograd soviet e...
They used the Soviet to execute the October military uprising.
The Kornilov Coup (September 10, 1917)
[Russia] Some believed that Kerensky hadn't done enough to supress the left. Ge...
The Bolshevik popularity exploded, after they took credit for defendin...
Stage of the October uprising (October 24, 1917)
[Russia] Lenin returned in secret to Petrograd in October, and after much debat...
The October Revolution (October 25, 1917)
[Russia] The revolution started in 23 of October, and the Bolsheviks seized the...
It would be a long time before the Bolsheviks gained control of the en...
The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets (October 25, 1917)
[Russia] After the Bolsheviks took power, they wanted the Petrograd Soviet to g...
This allowed the Bolsheviks to gain legitimacy, presenting the uprisin...
The Decree on Peace (October 26, 1917)
[Russia] The decree on Peace invited all nations engaged in war to open negotia...
It didn't work, as Germany wanted to make a profit.
The Decree on Land (October 26, 1917)
[Russia] This abolished landlords' right to property, confiscating large estate...
The Decree on Nationalities (October 26, 1917)
[Russia] This allowed the right of self-government to any national group.
This became a problem after 1918 July, when many territories declared ...
State capitalism (October 26, 1917)
[Russia] Immediately after the October Revolution, the government introduced ''...
Sovnarkom (1917)
[Russia] The Sovnarkon was the Soviet of People' s Commissars, abandonning the ...
Constituent Assembly last vote (1917)
[Russia] In November, the elections that had been arranged by the Provisional G...
The Civil War - phase one (1917)
[Russia] The Civil war phase one were Kerensky's early attempts to rally an arm...
Treaty of Brest Litovsk (March 3, 1918)
[Russia] An armistice was signed on 2 December to negotiate a deal. However the...
On 10 November, 1917, the Morning Post on London called for direct mil...
Food requisitioning (1918)
[Russia] The Ukraine Bread basket was lost, and Peasants had no incentive to se...
These strategies were not very successful and made many more enemies f...
The Civil war - phase two (1918)
[Russia] In May 1918, a few soldiers from a Czech Legion were arrested after a ...
War Communism (1918)
[Russia] War Communism was introduced in 1918, when the government nationalized...
One party state (1918)
[Russia] The Bolsheviks wanted to create a one part state. To do this, the Sovn...
As a concequence, political opposition grew. They had made many enemie...
Sun Yatsen failed expedition (1918)
[China] Sun organized the northern military expedition, to reunify China. H...
The Civil war - phase three (1918)
[Russia] This third phase is the war with the white army. In 1918, the Red Army...
The Red Army beats the White army, for various reasons. Firstly, t...
The May Fourth Movement (1919)
[China] This movement constituted of massive student demonstrations, which wer...
It retrieved the fortunes of the Guangzhou party, and provided a power...
Kronstadt Mutiny (1921)
[Russia] The Kronstadt Mutiny was a sailor uprising which called from the end o...
Decree on Party Unity (1921)
[Russia] The Decree on Party Unity banned any formation of subgroups or faction...
This ended up helping Stalin, as no real opposition could even build u...
The New Economic Policy (March 15, 1921)
[Russia] Lenin needed to rebuild the alliance with the peasants, as he explaine...
Eventually, armed resistance ended thanks to the policy. Famers and wo...
Famine (1921)
[Russia] During August, July and June Russia was hit with a severe famine, than...
Communist Party (CCP) (1921)
[China] It is founded in 1921, and those who are left-leaning form the party (...
First major purge (1921)
[Russia] After winning the civil war, one quarter of party members were expelle...
The Civil war - phase four, the end. (1922)
[Russia] The last phase was the war with the greens, representing large movemen...
The Civil war cost 10,000,000 deaths in total. 5,000,000 in famine....
The First United Front (1923)
[China] The GMD and the CCP were not strong enough to take power in China in t...
The alliance facilitated the establishement of a government in 1927. ...
the Lenin enrolment (1923)
[Russia] The Lenin enrolments served to increase the membership of the communis...
Stalin, as the General Secretary of the Communist Party, used his posi...
Trotsky's fall from power (1924)
[Russia] Trotsky fell from power thanks to a combinations of poor decitions and...
He lost his position as Commissar of war in 1925.
May 30th Movement (May 30, 1925)
[China] Demonstration in protest of the death of a Chinese worker in a textile...
Many Chinese joined the GMD and CCP. The CCP gained 150,000 supporters...
The fall of the left (1925)
[Russia] With Trotsky weakened, Kemenev and Zinoviev were the last left opposit...
The Northern Expedition / Sun dies (1926)
[China] Sun wanted to reunite China from the warlords. From 1926 to 1927, C...
CCP gained hundreds of thousands of new members, many in Shanghai. The...
Religion (1926)
[Russia] Stalin destroyed religion. In 1926, there were 79,000 priests. In 1937...
The attack of Religion was likely largely unsuccessful. Many people st...
Chiang Kai-Shek (1926)
[Russia] Chian Kai-Shek became the leader of the GMD after Sun's death. He was ...
White Terror (1927)
[China] The leader of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kaishek, was concerned o...
Chiang went on to establish the new Nationalist government, with the c...
GMD control (1927)
[China] GMD had control over China, and soon they would have control over nort...
GMD control managed to reduce foreign influence. They introduced a ...
Jiangxi Soviet (1927)
[China] Juangxi soviet was a major base of support for the CCP. After the mass...
The Shanghai Massacre (1927)
[China] Pressure from business interests in GMD pushes Chiang to take action a...
This marks the begining of a civil war.
Mao Zedong (1927)
[China] He was born into a rich peasant family. His father worked really ha...
The law ''Land Law'', made by Mao, took land from the warlords and thr...
2nd Northern Expedition (1928)
[China] In April 1928, Chiang Kaishek began a second Northern Expedition to ca...
The Northern Campaign was not completely successful in defeating the W...
The fall of the right and rise of the Stalin dictatorship. (1928)
[Russia] Politically, the right, Rykov, Tomsky and Bukharin, were much more all...
Tomsky lost his position in the central council of the trade unions, R...
Collectivisation: Emergency measures (1928)
[Russia] In January 1928, the Politburo voted unanimously for ''emergency measu...
Five Year Plans (1928)
[Russia] Stalin's goal was to industrialize and to become the equal of the west...
Gulags (1928)
[Russia] Forced labour from gulags, such as kulaks and other enemies of the sta...
Stakhanovites (1928)
[Russia] Socialist competition was meant to motivate people to work hard. It wa...
Fear and responsibility (1928)
[Russia] Managers and technicians were made responsible for their own work. Man...
Foreign aid (1928)
[Russia] Foreign help was brought in, in terms of expertees. Ford supervised th...
The purge of 1928-30 (1928)
[Russia] After defeating the left, the party adopted their policies. This creat...
Shakhty trial (1928)
[Russia] This was a trial were more than 50 were arrested for alleged sabotage ...
Propaganda (1928)
[Russia] Propaganda was a tool widely used by Stalin. In 1913, there were 2....
The five year plans were presented as battles to beat the capitalist e...
The Nanjing Decade (1928)
[Russia] The Nanjing Decade was the ten years fre 1928-1937 where Chiang was th...
Trotsky outside the USSR (1929)
[Russia] Trotsky was exiled on January, 1929, but he didn't remain silent on Ru...
Collectivisation: Forced (1930)
[Russia] Stalin called for the collectivization of all grain-producing areas by...
Collectivisation: Destruction of peasant culture (1930)
[Russia] There was a big effort by the government to destroy peasant culture. C...
There was an explosion of Opposition. Many wanted to prevent the remov...
Collectivisation: Retreat (March 2, 1930)
[Russia] On 1930, March 2nd, the Pravda article wrote ''Dizzy with success'', w...
1930 saw a good harvest, and by 1931, half of peasant families were in...
Family life (1930)
[Russia] The communists believed that marriage was a way for the man to exploit...
Standard of living (1930)
[Russia] In 1931, workers were paid on the basis of what they produced. Wage di...
The Futian Incident (1930)
[China] Around 4,000 Red Army troops were tortured and executed on Mao's order...
Collectivisation: Resumed (1931)
[Russia] By 1931, more than half of peasant families were back in collective fa...
Education (1931)
[Russia] Stalin pushed many people through primary and secondary education. In ...
With many more literate people, Pravda was sold more and more, at a ve...
Japan declares war on China (1931)
[China] Japan began taking over China (Manchuria). He uses his wife, with U...
He stands back, letting the USA and the CCP fight the Japanese. This i...
Collectivisation: Famine (1932)
[Russia] In 1932, a famine struck, and lasted up to 1934. 4-5 million people di...
The Riutin Platform (1932)
[Russia] In 1932, the secret police discovered an attack on Stalin's policies a...
The purge of 1932 (1933)
[Russia] Evidence of dissent surfaced within the party in 1932, so in 1933 a ne...
The Long March (1934)
[China] The GMD was the official government of China, but it was weak. Chiang ...
A lot of people experience Mao's mercy first hand. he was really nice ...
Zunyi Conference (1934)
[China] Mao goes in one direction with part of the army, and other generals go...
Mao is declared leader of the CCP.
Segei Kirov (December 1, 1934)
[Russia] In 1934, Stalin's authority was challenged once again. Pressure was pu...
On December 1, 1934, Kirov was shot dead outside the party headquarter...
Collectivisation: Consolidation (1935)
[Russia] In 1935, a special Party Congress was called to approve new measures f...
1934-1935 were successful years economically. Many new plants were now...
Yanan (1935)
[China] The surviving marchers then settled in Yanan after the long march. The...
The show trials (1936)
[Russia] In august 1936, Zinoviev and Kamenev, along with 14 others were on tri...
The Stalin Constitution (1936)
[Russia] The Stalin Constitution was a new constitution introduced in November ...
The Great Purge (1936)
[Russia] From 1936 to 1938 there was a surge in the number of people that were ...
The Great Purge ended in April 1939, when Ezhov, the principle agent i...
The Second United Front (1936)
[China] Zhang was a commander of the GMD under Chiang Kai-shek. When his troop...
Japanese occupation (1937)
[China] Japanese occupation started in 1931 by invading machuria, but it was i...
Mao and his ideas were given more credibility of the GMD. By the end o...
Gulags (1939)
[Russia] In 1939, almost 3 million people were in labour camps (gulags). The...
Five Year Plans results (1940)
[Russia] In 1927, (millions of tons), coal was at 35, oil at 11.7, iron ore at ...
The Great Patriotic War (1941)
[Russia] WW1 arrived at Russia at 1941. It started with a Russia-Nazi pact, arr...
Operation Barbarossa (June 22, 1941)
[Russia] This operation was an offensive by German forces into Russia. Sovi...
Mao ideology (1943)
[China] As the leadership cult began emerging in Yanan, Mao's ideology became ...
In the 1930s, the ''28 Bolsheviks'' and the Comintern met with Mao's i...
Defeat of Germany (1945)
[Russia] In 1943, Russia and allied powers mounted a major attack, which was mo...
In Russia, 19 million civilians died, 9 million soldiers died, 1200 to...
Chinese civil war (1945)
[China] The GMD armies outnumbered the CCP by four two one. It had a better eq...
The CCP troops were more diciplined, propaganda gave them motivation a...
The Cold war (1946)
[Russia] Germany had invaded Russia twice in 27 years. For this reason, russian...

Add card:

Title:


Description:


Consequences:


Topic:


Year:

Month:

Day:



Question:


Correct answer: